<Characters and character states used in this study>

Level1

Level2

Character

Character States

Habitat

Distribution

Gangwon

Seoul and Gyeonggi

Chungbuk

Chungnam

Gyeongbuk

Gyeongnam

Jeonbuk

Jeonnam

Jeju

Vegetative characters

Stem

Growth habit

clumped

scattered

Stem length (cm)

-

Basal-sheath color

light brown

dark brown to reddish brown

Leaf

Leaf length

shorter than stem

similar to stem

longer than stem

Leaf width (cm)

-

Hairs on leaf

hairy or pubescent

glabrous

Reproductive characters

Bract

Bract shape

leaf-like

scale-like

thread-like

Inflorescence

1. Number of spikes*

one

two or more

2. Shape difference among spikes*

all same (no distinct differentiation between sexual characteristics)

different (showing distinct sexual characteristics)

3. Spike sexual system*

all unisexual spikes

some bisexual spikes

Number of spikes per node

one

two or more

Spike sexuality (only for subgenus Vignea)

staminate

pistillate

androgynous

gynecandrous

Entire inflorescence length (cm)

-

Spikes arrangement

loosely flowered

densely flowered

Terminal spike sexuality

staminate

gynecandrous

androgynous

Lateral spike sexuality

pistillate

gynecandrous

androgynous

Lateral spikes direction

erect to ascend

drooping

Lateral spike length (cm)

-

Terminal spike length (cm)

-

Glume

Staminate glume awn length

absent

short (awn less than one-third of the total length)

long (awn more than one-third of the total length)

Pistillate glume awn length

absent

short (awn less than one-third of the total length)

long (awn more than one-third of the total length)

Pistillate glume color

whitish green to light brown

dark brown to blackish brown

Perigynium

Perigynium shape in transverse section

lenticular to biconvex

trigonous to terete

Perigynium shape

obovate (the broadest part near the apex)

suborbicular (width/length > 0.5, nearly circular)

elliptical to narrow elliptical (the broadest part in the center)

ovate-lanceolate (the broadest part near the base)

Perigynium arrangement

densely flowered

loosely flowered

Hairs on perigynium

glabrous

hairy or pubescent

Perigynium beak length

short (beak less than one-third of the total length)

long (beak more than one-third of the total length)

Perigynium beak thickness

thin (the beak is clearly distinguished from the perigynium, and the starting point of the beak is less than one-third of the widest part of the perigynium)

thick (the beak is not distinguished from the perigynium, and the starting point of the beak is more than one-third of the widest part of the perigynium)

Perigynium beak mouth shape

truncate

bidentate to bifid

Perigynium length (mm)

-

Achene

Achene appendage

present

absent

Achene with constrictions

with constrictions

normal

 

 

<Illustrations of major characters and their character states>