참나무속 Quercus LINN.

1. 각두 총포는 바늘 같은 포린으로 덮이고 얻은 낙엽성이다.

2. 톱니는 바늘처럼 뾰족하고 열매는 2 년만에 익는다.

3. 잎의 뒷면에 단모 또는 여러 세포로 된 단모가 있다  ·········································································91. 상수리나무

3. 잎의 뒷면에 단모와 성모가 있다.

4. 옆의 뒷편에는 성모가 밀생하고 줄기에 코르크가 발달한다 ·································································92. 굴참나무

4. 잎의 뒷면에는 단모가 대부분이지만 성모도 섞이고 때로는 성모가 일부 밀생한 것도 있다  ························93. 정릉참나무

2. 잎의 톱니는 바늘같이 예리하지 않고 열매는 당년에 성숙한다.

5. 잎새 밑은 귀갈이 생겼다.

6. 잎의 털은 누렇고 구불구불하다. 잎자루는 길이 대개 1cm 이하이다 ·······················································94. 떡갈나무

6. 잎은 털이 없다    ··················································································································96. 신갈나무

5. 잎의 밑은 좁아들었다.

7. 단모는 잎 뒷면의 주맥에만 있다가 곧 떨어지고 잎자루는 길이 1~3 cm이다   ···········································95. 갈참나무

7. 단모는 잎의 뒷면 전체에 흩어져 있다   ························································································97. 졸참나무

1. 상록수로서 포린은 대개 동심원으로 배열한다. 열매는 2 년 만에 성숙한다.

8. 잎에 톱니가 없다 ···················································································································108. 붉가시나무

8. 잎에 톱니가 있다.

9. 잎의 길이는 6cm 이상이다.

10. 잎은 뒷면에 털이 없거나 흰 털이 약간 있다.

11. 잎은 난상 장피원형이며 윗부분에 5개 내외의 톱니가 있고 뒷면은 회색이다  ···································109. 종가시나무

11. 잎은 피침형 또는 넓은 피침형이며 10 개 이상의 톱니가 있고 뒷면이 희다.

12. 잎의 뒷면은 처음부터 털이 없고 측맥은 11 ~15쌍이다 ·····························································110. 가시나무

12. 잎의 뒷면은 처음부터 털과 흰 가루로 덮여 있고 측맥은 10-12 쌍이다 ········································111. 참가시나무

10. 잎의 뒷면에 황갈색 털이 밀생한다   ······················································································112. 개가시나무

9. 잎의 길이는 6cm 이하이다   ···································································································113. 졸가시나무